Smartphone Use Changes Rating of Perceived Exertion and Biomechanics but Not Physiological Parameters During Gait on Treadmill: A Pilot Study

Autores/as

  • Ricardo B. Viana
  • Cleber L.C. Godoy
  • Paulo Gentil
  • Douglas A.T Santos
  • Mario H. Campos
  • Carlos A. Vieira
  • Rodrigo L. Vancini
  • Marília S. Andrade
  • Claudio A.B de Lira

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29327/2633896

Palabras clave:

walking, gait, exercise, physiological responses, biomechanical responses

Resumen

Introduction: The use of smartphones during walking changes biomechanical parameters, but less is known about rating of perceived exertion and physiological adjustments to walking activity. Objective: To evaluate rating of perceived exertion, biomechanical and physiological responses during gait on treadmill while typing on a smartphone. Methods: Thirty men performed five minutes of walking on a treadmill while typing on a smartphone (TYP) or during control conditions (walk without type on a smartphone, [CON]) in random order. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, rating of perceived of exertion, stride frequency and stride length were evaluated. Results: Systolic blood pressure after CON and TYP was significantly higher than at rest, but there was no significant difference between conditions. There was no significant difference between diastolic blood pressure at rest, after CON, and after TYP. Heart rate after CON and TYP was 29.7% and 39.2% higher than at rest, respectively, but there was no significant difference between conditions. Rating of perceived of exertion after TYP was greater than after CON. Stride length during TYP was shorter than during CON. Conclusion: In conclusion, five minutes of walking while use smartphone changed rating of perceived exertion and biomechanics but not physiological parameters during gait.

Citas

McIlroy, T. Planet of the phones. Available online: http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21645180-smartphone-ubiquitous-addictive-and-transformative-planet-phones (accessed on Mar 10, 2020).

Willemse, I.; Waller, G.; Genner, S.; Suter, L.; Oppliger, S.; Huber, A.L.; Süss, D. JAMES: Youth, Activities, Media– Survey Switzerland. In Proceedings of the Zürcher Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften; Zürich, 2014, p. 67.

IBGE Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística Available online: http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/acessoainternet2014/default_xls.shtm (accessed on Mar 10, 2020).

Nordin, E.; Moe-Nilssen, R.; Ramnemark, A.; Lundin-Olsson, L. Changes in step-width during dual-task walking predicts falls. Gait Posture 2010, 32, 92–97, doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.03.012.

Parr, N.D.; Hass, C.J.; Tillman, M.D. Cellular phone texting impairs gait in able-bodied young adults. J. Appl. Biomech. 2014, 30, 685–688, doi:10.1123/jab.2014-0017.

Klauer, S.G.; Guo, F.; Simons-Morton, B.G.; Ouimet, M.C.; Lee, S.E.; Dingus, T.A. Distracted driving and risk of road crashes among novice and experienced drivers. N. Engl. J. Med. 2014, 370, 54–59, doi:10.1056/NEJMsa1204142.

Shelton, J.T.; Elliott, E.M.; Lynn, S.D.; Exner, A.L. The distracting effects of a ringing cell phone: An investigation of the laboratory and the classroom setting. J. Environ. Psychol. 2009, 29, 513–521, doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2009.03.001.

Yogev-Seligmann, G.; Rotem-Galili, Y.; Mirelman, A.; Dickstein, R.; Giladi, N.; Hausdorff, J.M. How does explicit prioritization alter walking during dual-task performance? Effects of age and sex on gait speed and variability. Phys. Ther. 2010, 90, 177–186, doi:10.2522/ptj.20090043.

Schwebel, D.C.; Stavrinos, D.; Byington, K.W.; Davis, T.; O’Neal, E.E.; de Jong, D. Distraction and pedestrian safety: how talking on the phone, texting, and listening to music impact crossing the street. Accid. Anal. Prev. 2012, 45, 266–271, doi:10.1016/j.aap.2011.07.011.

Tesio, L.; Rota, V. The motion of body center of mass during walking: a review oriented to clinical applications. Front. Neurol. 2019, 10, doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00999.

Waters, R.L.; Mulroy, S. The energy expenditure of normal and pathologic gait. Gait Posture 1999, 9, 207–231, doi:10.1016/S0966-6362(99)00009-0.

Waters, R.L.; Lunsford, B.R.; Perry, J.; Byrd, R. Energy-speed relationship of walking: standard tables. J. Orthop. Res. 1988, 6, 215–222, doi:10.1002/jor.1100060208.

Kerrigan, D.C.; Viramontes, B.E.; Corcoran, P.J.; LaRaia, P.J. Measured versus predicted vertical displacement of the sacrum during gait as a tool to measure biomechanical gait performance. Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 1995, 74, 3–8, doi:10.1097/00002060-199501000-00002.

Santos-Concejero, J.; Granados, C.; Irazusta, J.; Bidaurrazaga-Letona, I.; Zabala-Lili, J.; Tam, N.; Gil, S.M. Influence of the biomechanical variables of the gait cycle in running economy. Rev. Int. Cienc. Deporte 2014, 10, 95–108, doi:10.5232/ricyde2014.03601.

Borg, G.A. Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 1982, 14, 377–381.

Noakes, T.D. Linear relationship between the perception of effort and the duration of constant load exercise that remains. J. Appl. Physiol. 2004, 96, 1571–1573, doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01124.2003.

Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire - PAR-Q. 2002.

Powers, S.K.; Howley, E.T. Exercise physiology: Theory and application to fitness and performance; 10th ed.; McGraw-Hill Education: New York, 2017; ISBN:978-1-259-87045-3.

Plowman, S.A.; Smith, D.L. Exercise physiology for health, fitness, and performance; 2nd ed.; Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: Philadelphia, 2008; ISBN 9780781784061.

Mian, O.S.; Thom, J.M.; Ardigo, L.P.; Narici, M. V.; Minetti, A.E. Metabolic cost, mechanical work, and efficiency during walking in young and older men. Acta Physiol. 2006, 186, 127–139, doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.2006.01522.x

Sloot, L.H.; van der Krogt, M.M.; Harlaar, J. Self-paced versus fixed speed treadmill walking. Gait Posture 2014, 39, 478–484, doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.08.022.

Sloot, L.H.; van der Krogt, M.M.; Harlaar, J. Effects of adding a virtual reality environment to different modes of treadmill walking. Gait Posture 2014, 39, 939–945, doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.12.005.

Scherr, J.; Wolfarth, B.; Christle, J.W.; Pressler, A.; Wagenpfeil, S.; Halle, M. Associations between Borg’s rating of perceived exertion and physiological measures of exercise intensity. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 2013, 113, 147–155, doi:10.1007/s00421-012-2421-x.

Munro, B.H. Statistical methods for health care research; JB Lippincott: Philadelphia, 1986; ISBN 078172175X.

Cohen, J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences; 2nd ed.; Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: Hillsdale-New Jersey, 1988. ISBN: 0-8058-0283-5.

Lamberg, E.M.; Muratori, L.M. Cell phones change the way we walk. Gait Posture 2012, 35, 688–690, doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.12.005.

Demura, S.; Uchiyama, M. Influence of cell phone email use on characteristics of gait. Eur. J. Sport Sci. 2009, 9, 303–309, doi:10.1080/17461390902853069.

Hollman, J.H.; McDade, E.M.; Petersen, R.C. Normative spatiotemporal gait parameters in older adults. Gait Posture 2011, 34, 111–118, doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.03.024.

Hashish, R.; Toney-Bolger, M.E.; Sharpe, S.S.; Lester, B.D.; Mulliken, A. Texting during stair negotiation and implications for fall risk. Gait Posture 2017, 58, 409–414, doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.09.004.

Niederer, D.; Bumann, A.; Mühlhauser, Y.; Schmitt, M.; Wess, K.; Engeroff, T.; Wilke, J.; Vogt, L.; Banzer, W. Specific smartphone usage and cognitive performance affect gait characteristics during free-living and treadmill walking. Gait Posture 2018, 62, 415–421, doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.04.007.

Tian, Y.; Huang, Y.; He, J.; Wei, K. What affects gait performance during walking while texting? A comparison of motor, visual and cognitive factors. Ergonomics 2018, 61, 1507-1518, doi:10.1080/00140139.2018.1493153.

Magnani, R.M.; Lehnen, G.C.; Rodrigues, F.B.; de Sá e Souza, G.S.; de Oliveira Andrade, A.; Vieira, M.F. Local dynamic stability and gait variability during attentional tasks in young adults. Gait Posture 2017, 55, 105–108, doi:10.1016/J.GAITPOST.2017.04.019.

Pizzamiglio, S.; Naeem, U.; Abdalla, H.; Turner, D.L. Neural Correlates of Single- and Dual-Task Walking in the Real World. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 2017, 11, 1–12, doi:10.3389/fnhum.2017.00460.

Agostini, V.; Lo Fermo, F.; Massazza, G.; Knaflitz, M. Does texting while walking really affect gait in young adults? J. Neuroeng. Rehabil. 2015, 12, 86, 1-10, doi:10.1186/s12984-015-0079-4.

Kodesh, E.; Kizony, R. Measuring cardiopulmonary parameters during dual-task while walking. J. Basic Clin. Physiol. Pharmacol. 2014, 25, 155–60, doi:10.1515/jbcpp-2013-0123.

Schabrun, S.M.; van den Hoorn, W.; Moorcroft, A.; Greenland, C.; Hodges, P.W. Texting and Walking: Strategies for Postural Control and Implications for Safety. PLoS One 2014, 9, e84312, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084312.

Garber, C.E.; Blissmer, B.; Deschenes, M.R.; Franklin, B.A.; Lamonte, M.J.; Lee, I.-M.; Nieman, D.C.; Swain, D.P. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2011, 43, 1334–1359, doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e318213fefb.

Pescatello, L.S.; Franklin, B.A.; Fagard, R.; Farquhar, W.B.; Kelley, G.A.; Ray, C.A.; American College of Sports Medicine American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and hypertension. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2004, 36, 533–553, doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000115224.88514.3a.

Borg, G.A. Perceived exertion: a note on “‘history’” and methods. Med. Sci. Sports 1973, 5, 90–93.

Lepp, A.; Barkley, J.E.; Sanders, G.J.; Rebold, M.; Gates, P. The relationship between cell phone use, physical and sedentary activity, and cardiorespiratory fitness in a sample of U.S. college students. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 2013, 10, 79, doi:10.1186/1479-5868-10-79.

Publicado

2020-12-20

Número

Sección

Artigos originais