EFEITOS TOXICOGENÉTICOS E BIOQUÍMICOS DA ÁGUA E DO SEDIMENTO DE UMA LAGOA COSTEIRA (ES/BRASIL) AVALIADOS COM ALLIUM CEPA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18554/acbiobras.v8i2.8641Keywords:
Contaminação antropogênica, genotoxicidade, mutagenicidade, modelo vegetalAbstract
A ocorrência de metais em ambientes aquáticos é natural e essencial para várias funções metabólicas. No entanto, quando em excesso devido à contaminação, esses elementos podem causar efeitos tóxicos. A Lagoa Mãe-Bá, localizada entre os municípios de Guarapari e Anchieta, no Espírito Santo, sofre impactos antropogénicos desde a década de 1970, com o fechamento de sua conexão com o mar e a instalação de um reservatório para processamento de minério de ferro. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade ambiental da lagoa através da análise da água, do elutriado e do sedimento solubilizado, coletados em três estações de amostragem, utilizando o bioensaio Allium cepa. Os resultados revelaram fitotoxicidade nas três estações na primeira campanha; citotoxicidade no elutriado da estação 1 e na água solubilizada das estações 2 e 3 na segunda campanha; genotoxicidade na água da estação 1 na primeira campanha e na água solubilizada das estações 2 e 3 na segunda campanha; bem como mutagenicidade em várias amostras. Também foram observadas alterações nas enzimas de defesa antioxidante, como a peroxidação lipídica e a glutationa S-transferase, bem como o acúmulo de metais nas raízes das sementes expostas, indicando um risco potencial para a biota local.
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