FARMACOGENÉTICA NA AMÉRICA LATINA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18554/acbiobras.v3i2.8748Palavras-chave:
ancestralidade, miscigenação, medicina personalizadaResumo
A farmacogenética é uma especialidade que estuda a relação entre os polimorfismos genéticos e a variabilidade interindividual na resposta a fármacos. Esta área é parte da chamada ''medicina personalizada'', baseando-se no perfil genético de cada paciente para uma prescrição farmacológica individualizada e, portanto, mais precisa. Levando em conta que a frequência das variantes genéticas pode ser associada com ancestralidade, é possível que esta seja também associada com a resposta a fármacos. Na América Latina, as populações são originárias de um processo de miscigenação entre nativo-americanos, africanos e europeus; desse modo, as raízes étnicas populacionais são heterogêneas e se distribuem em diferentes proporções ao se comparar países e até mesmo diferentes regiões de um mesmo país. A partir da heterogeneidade dessas populações, a implementação clínica da farmacogenética se torna mais complexa, pois se trata de indivíduos sub-representados nos estudos farmacogenéticos. Iniciativas como a Rede Iberoamericana de Farmacogenética e Farmacogenômica e a Rede Nacional de Farmacogenética têm surgido com o propósito de mudar este cenário ao promover a inclusão de populações latinas nas pesquisas farmacogenéticas, além de atuarem no desenvolvimento de simpósios e cursos educativos. Apesar disso, existem desafios a serem ainda transpassados. Através de esforços colaborativos, seria possível que a farmacogenética cumprisse seu propósito ao impactar positivamente a saúde pública mundialmente, possibilitando tratamentos mais eficazes e seguros em um contexto individual e específico.
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