A COESÃO REFERENCIAL LEXICAL POR ANÁFORA EM PRODUÇÕES TEXTUAIS DISSERTATIVO-ARGUMENTATIVAS ESTILO ENEM

Abstract

The present article presents an analysis of referential lexical cohesion through anaphora used in written textual productions in the ENEM style. The primary objective of the research was to identify and recognize the types of cohesion that occurred and how they contribute to the construction of textual coherence, as well as how the mechanisms support this, in order to assist students in a more productive, conscious, and active writing process. We start from the hypothesis that the use is varied to avoid the repetition of words and to meet the evaluation expectations of cohesion competence in these assessment tests. Our theoretical framework is based on studies by Marcuschi (1983, 2008), Koch (2004), Costa Val (1991), Antunes (2005), and Cavalcanti (2014), among others, which point to the referential process as essential in constructing sequences that convey the meaning of the text and as a driving force in textual progression and maintenance, which are important for coherence. The corpus consists of textual productions from a preparatory writing course for the ENEM/college entrance exams in the city of Uberaba-MG, and the analysis involves identifying, classifying, and quantifying the occurrences of cohesion mechanisms (in anaphora). The results showed a higher number of occurrences of coreferential anaphora without recategorization, mainly through the use of synonyms rather than repetition of terms. As for the group of non-coreferential anaphora, there was a greater number of occurrences involving the use of non-labeling nominal phrases. Overall, these results contribute to understanding the mechanisms most frequently used by students in the context of college entrance exams when planning writing activities.